Below is a list of general papers on infrared technology as well as articles on topics that SBIR has presented over the years at the annual SPIE Defense & Security Symposium. Please keep in mind that these papers were written at a specific point in time and are thus not a direct reflection of the current status of a program/product or test application. We have also included a helpful calculator section with many IR related formulas.
Frequently Asked Questions
Click Here for a list of Frequently Asked Questions
Calculators
- Four-Bar Target Calculator
- Pinhole Target Diameter Calculator
- IFOV Calculator - Method #1 (Requires you to know the camera's FOV and total pixel length ( in x or y direction).
- IFOV Calculator - Method #2 (Requires you to know the detector's individual element size (microns) and the camera's focal length (millimeters)
- Blackbody Emission Calculator
- Frequency/Wavelength Converter
- Anti-Reflection Coating Thickness Calculator
- Through-Focus/ Range Calculator
- Diffraction Limit Calculator
- Power Reflection for a Single AR Coating Calculator
- Calculating Nanometers from Wavenumber
- Converting Angstroms to Nanometers
- Universal Unit Converter for Conversions including:
- Energy
- Illumination
- Luminance
- Thermal Conductivity
- And many more!
- This applet allows users to simulate standard optic elements (lens, mirror, dielectrics, sources, apertures) and observe the ways that light rays propagate through these elements. The applet is designed to be scripted but may also be used to construct optical systems using buttons and a click and drag metaphor.
Education on IR Technology
IR for Dummies (PDF)
A brief non-technical introduction to infrared radiation, IR imaging systems, testing and evaluation of IR imaging systems, and IR test equipment.
Test System Components (PDF)
Introductory descriptions of the instrument and accessories used to test detectors, focal planes, and infrared imaging systems.
Radiometric Temperature: Concepts and Solutions (PDF)
JCD Publishing
JCD Publishing offers books, software, and consultation for the imaging system professional working with infrared or CCD imaging systems.
SPIE Standard Products Publications
Comparison of Fourier Transform Methods for Calculating MTF 2008 (PDF)
This paper provides a comparison of varying methods to calculate MTF testing.
Radiometric Calibration and Operation of IR Target Projectors 2006 (PDF)
This paper provides a procedure for radiometric calibration of infrared target projectors using the RAD-9000 MWIR/LWIR spectral radiometer.
Bolometers Running Backward: The Synergy Between Uncooled IR Sensors and Dynamic IR Scene Projection 2006 (PDF)
This paper presents a lighthearted overview of the technical evolution of IRSP from its early microbolometer roots, discusses current and emerging IRSP capabilities, illustrates the device-level to system-level synergy between sensors and projectors, and offers a peek into the advanced EO simulation capabilities and technologies which will be required to address emerging FPA and sensor trends.
Advanced Man-Portable Test Systems 2005 (PDF)
Discussion of SBIR's latest developments in instrumentation for military laser range finder/designator test and evaluation.
Advanced Test Systems for Production Testing of Cameras with Day/Night and Visible/NIR Capabilities 2005 (PDF)
Discussion of SBIR's new variable contrast test system for evaluating camera day/night mode performance.
RAD9000: A High-Performance Spectral Radiometer 2005 (PDF)
Provides an update on the RAD9000 MWIR/LWIR spectral radiometer- a high performance instrument supporting extremely accurate absolute and relative radiometric calibration of EO test systems.
Advanced Target Projector Technologies 2005 (PDF)
Discussion of SBIR's recent developments in the area of target projection technologies for measurement of staring IR sensor image quality.
Reflective/Emissive Target Comparison 2003 (PDF)
Discussion of SBIR's in-house target projector system, and review of preliminary results showing advantages of reflective vs. emissive targets.
High Temperature Emitter Physics 2003 (PDF)
Introduction of long-term technical approaches for achieving >2000 K apparent temperature using resistive emitter-based IR scene projection.
Laser Testing 2003 (PDF)
Introduction of SBIR's new family of test modules supporting characterization of UUT laser range finders, designators, and spot trackers.
High-End Infrared Imaging Sensor Evaluation System 2002 (PDF)
Discussion of IR Testing Using IRWindows™2001 (PDF)
A Turnkey Test System for IR Imaging
(from Photonics Tech Brief, May 1999)
High-Performance FLIR Testing Using Reflective-Target Technology 1999 (PDF)
MIRAGE Dynamic IR Scene Projector Publications
Performance Improvements in Large Format Resistive Array (LFRA) InfraRed Scene Projectors 2008 (PDF)
This paper will discuss the advances in pixel design, rise time enhancement techniques and also the process by which arrays are annealed.
LFRA: Developments in Large-Format Resistive Arrays & Advanced IRSP System Technologies 2007(PDF)
An overview of SBIR's recently completed LFRA product line: commercially known as the MIRAGE XL. The Mirage XL system includes a 1024x1024 IR emitter array. A brief discussion of WFRA which includes an even larger 1536x768 emitter array.
LFRA: Developments in Large-Format Resistive Arrays & Advanced IRSP System Technologies 2006(PDF)
An overview of SBIR's recently completed LFRA product line: commercially known as the MIRAGE XL. The Mirage XL system includes a 1024x1024 IR emitter array.
OASYS:Cryogenically-Optimized Resistive Arrays & IRSP Subsystems for Space-Background IR Simulation 2006 (PDF)
An OASYS technical system status overview.
MIRAGE: Developments in IRSP Systems 2005 (PDF)
This paper describes the growth and expansion of the MIRAGE family.
MIRAGE Update 2003 (PDF)
Overview of SBIR's new emitter foundry, next-generation 512 x 512 development, updated Calibration Radiometry System (CRS) and NUC implementation.
LFRA 2003 (PDF)
Large Format (1024 x 1024) MIRAGE system development status, including RIIC probe test data and next-generation C&CE components.
LFRA 2002 (PDF)
SBIR is producing a 1,024x1,024 Large Format Resistive Array (LFRA) and supporting IR projector system.
MIRAGE Emitter Improvements & Technology Review 2001 (PDF)
SBIR has attained highly stable emitters with MWIR apparent temperatures of 700k.
MIRAGE System Overview and Status 2001 (PDF)
A MIRAGE technical system overview.
MIRAGE Calibration Radiometry System 2000 (PDF)
SBIR's high speed correction algorithm improves the uniformity of the final infrared image.
MIRAGE Large-format emitter arrays 1024x1024 and 1024x2048 2000 (PDF)
A description of the technical approach and plan to develop a new generation of Large Area Infrared Scene Emitters(LAISE).
MIRAGE System Overview and Status 2000 (PDF)
A MIRAGE technical system overview.
MIRAGE Dynamic IR Scene Projector Overview and Status 1999 (PDF)
A MIRAGE technical system overview.
MIRAGE - Innovations in Infrared Scene Simulator Design 1999 (PDF)
A description of the MIRAGE system, and how it addresses the problems of dynamic scene projection.
MIRAGE read-in-integrated-circuit 1999 (PDF)
This paper describes the test results for the MIRAGE read-in-integrated-circuit (RIIC) designed by Indigo Systems Corporation
MIRAGE FAQs 1999 (PDF)
Frequently asked questions about the MIRAGE infrared scene projector.
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